ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ ﺗﺎج رﯾﺰي ﺳﯿﺎه Solanum nigrum ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺳﺪﯾﻢ ﮐﻠﺮاﯾﺪ

Changes in black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) seed germination along the increasing concentration of Sodium chloride

آﮔﺎﻫﯽ از ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن زراﻋﯽ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز در ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﺷﻮري در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز اﮔﺮواﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﺎﺋﺰ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ ﺗﺎج رﯾﺰي ﺳﯿﺎه )Solanum nigrum( ﻃﯽ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺳﺪﯾﻢ ﮐﻠﺮاﯾﺪ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﻨﺶ ﻋﺒﺎرت از ﺻﻔﺮ )ﺷﺎﻫﺪ( ، 25، 50، 75، 100، 125، 150، 175 و 200 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﻮﻻر ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺠﺤﺎﺻﻠﻪ، درﺻﺪ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ در ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 25 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﻮﻻر ﺳﺪﯾﻢ ﮐﻠﺮاﯾﺪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ؛ اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﻪ 50 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﻮﻻر ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺪود 50 درﺻﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ رﻏﻢ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺗﺎج رﯾﺰي ﺳﯿﺎه ﺑﻪ ﺷﻮري ﺗﺎ 90 درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ در درﺻﺪ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪ(، ﺣﺪاﻗﻠﯽ از ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ ﺣﺘﯽ در ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﻮري اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺑﻘﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺷﻮري ﮐﻤﮏ ﮐﻨﺪ.

Knowledge of variability in crop and weed germination in response to environmental condition including environmental stresses such as salinity is important for developing a weed management program. In this experiment, germination traits of black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) along the increasing concentration of Sodium chloride were evaluated in a completely randomized design with three replicates. Stress levels consisted of zero (as a control), 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, and 200 mM. Based on the results, germination percentage and rate did not significantly differ in 25 mM of sodium chloride concentration compared with control treatment. Whereas in higher concentration of 50 mM, a reduction around 50 percent was observed. Despite considerable sensitivity of black nightshade to salinity (up to 90 percent reduction was recorded in germination percentage and rate), some germination was observed even at the highest concentration of NaCl that would favor this weed to survive in such a saline condition.