تاثير پرايمينگ بذر با اسيد آسكوربيك بر افزايش مقاومت به شوري به دو رقم گياه كينوا ( Chenopodium (quinoa

The Effect of Seed Priming with Ascorbicacidon Salt Tolerance in two genotypes Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

ﮐﯿﻨﻮا ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم ﻋﻠﻤﯽ Chenopodium quinoa Willd از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده اﺳﻔﻨﺎﺟﯿﺎن، ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻗﻮي وﺑﺎ ارزش ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ، ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺑﻪ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ و ﺷﻮري از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ رﯾﺸﻪ،ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ زودﺗﺮ و ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺘﺎً اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺷﻮد ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﺳﯿﺪآﺳﮑﻮرﺑﯿﮏ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ روش ﺳﺎده ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺬر ﺑﻪ ﺷﻮري ﺗﻠﻘﯽ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد.اﺳﯿﺪآﺳﮑﻮرﺑﯿﮏ وﯾﺘﺎﻣﯿﻨﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﮐﻮآﻧﺰﯾﻢ در ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ، ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ رﺷﺪ، ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰ و ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺴﻢ ﮔﯿﺎه در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺷﻮري و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ آب و ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ وارد ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽ-ﺷﻮد .در آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﺎت ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ ﺑﺬر ﺑﺎاﺳﯿﺪ اﺳﮑﻮرﺑﯿﮏ )ﺻﻔﺮ، 20، ، 40، 60ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﻮﻻر( ﺑﺮ ﻧﺤﻮه ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ ﺑﺬر ﮐﯿﻨﻮا رﻗﻢ ﺗﯽﺗﯽ ﮐﺎﮐﺎ و ﮔﯿﺰا ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺷﻮري )ﺻﻔﺮ، 400 ،300، 500 و ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﻮﻻر ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪﺳﺪﯾﻢ( ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار از ﻣﯿﺰان ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ )درﺻﺪ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ وزﻧﯽ ﺑﻨﯿﻪ ﺑ(ﺬر ﮔﯿﺎه ﻣﺬﮐﻮرﮐﺎﺳﺖ. . اﻣﺎ ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ ﺑﺬر ﺑﺎ اﺳﯿﺪاﺳﮑﻮرﺑﯿﮏ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺷﺪ )ﺣﺘﯽ در ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 500 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﻮﻻر ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ ﺳﺪﯾﻢ(. در ﺳﻄﺢ 300 ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ ﺳﺪﯾﻢ، ﻏﻠﻈﺖ اﺳﯿﺪ اﺳﮑﻮرﺑﯿﮏ 20 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﻮﻻر ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ را ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ رﻗﻢ ﺗﯿﺘﯽﮐﺎﮐﺎ و ﮔﯿﺰا ﻧﺸﺎن داد. در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﺳﻄﻮح 500 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﻮﻻر ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ ﺳﺪﯾﻢ، ﻣﻮﺛﺮﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ اﺳﯿﺪاﺳﮑﻮرﺑﯿﮏ 40 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﻮﻻرﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ ﺳﺪﯾﻢ ﺑﺮاي رﻗﻢ ﺗﯽ ﺗﯽ ﮐﺎﮐﺎ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻄﻮرﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ ﺑﺬر ﮐﯿﻨﻮا ﺑﺎ اﺳﯿﺪاﺳﮑﻮرﺑﯿﮏ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻮري در اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺣﯿﻦ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ ﺷﻮد.

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) belongs to chenopodiceae. Quinoa seeds have recently been considered by different countries because of their high nutritional value. Seed priming can increase germination percentage and rate, better tolerance of plant to drought and salinity through root development, early flowering and ultimately quantitative and qualitative enhancement of yield.Ascorbicacid has a protective effect against oxidative stress. Moreover, the role of ascorbic acid has been suggested to increase the lifespan of seed and embryo. Salinity can directly and indirectly affect plant vegetative and reproductive growth. In the present experiments, the effect of ascorbic acid seed priming (0, 20, 40, 60 mM) on seed germination of Quinoa cultivar Titicaca and Giza under salinity conditions (0, 300, 400, 500 and mM NaCl) was investigated. it placed Salinity stress alone was significantly( related to germination rate Percentage and rate of germination and seed length index)of the mentioned plant. But priming with ascorbic acid significantly increased these traits (even at 500 mM NaCl). At 300 NaCl, 20 mM ascorbic acid had the highest effect on germination traits of Titiakaka and Giza. Whereas at 500 mM sodium chloride levels, the most effective concentration of ascorbic acid was 40 mM sodium chloride for Titicaca. In general, it can be concluded that priming of quinoa seed with ascorbic acid can increase salinity resistance in this plant during germination.