ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ و ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮاﯾﯽ در ﮔﻨﺪم ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ

Evaluation of Genetic Variation and Relationship of Morphological, Grain Yield and Bread Making Quality Traits in Wheat

ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ و ﺗﻮان ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻻ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ روش ﻫـﺎي ﻣﻬـﻢ در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎي ﺑﻪﻧﮋادي ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﮐﻤـﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔـﯽ ﻧـﺎن، 25 ژﻧﻮﺗﯿـﭗ ﮔﻨـﺪم در ﺷـﺮاﯾﻂ آﺑﯿﺎري و ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح اﺳﭙﯿﻠﺖﭘﻼت در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺷﯿﺮاز در ﺳﺎل زراﻋـﯽ 1395- 1396 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري را ﺑﯿﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﺑـﺮاي ﻫﻤـﻪ ﺻـﻔﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن داد. ﮐﺎﻫﺶ در ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ و زراﻋﯽ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﯿﻦ 0/5 ﺗﺎ 40/4 درﺻﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺑـﻮد . در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ، ﺳﺨﺘﯽ داﻧﻪ و رﺳﻮب زﻟﻨﯽ در ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ وﻟﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮔﻠﻮﺗﻦ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓـﺖ در ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮاﯾﯽ، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮔﻠـﻮﺗﻦ و ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮﯾﻦ وراﺛـﺖ ﭘـﺬﯾﺮي ﺑـﺮاي رﺳـﻮب زﻟﻨـﯽ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ، ﺳﺨﺘﯽ داﻧﻪ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮔﻠﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﮐﻤﯽ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺑـﻮد . از ﻧﻈـﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑـﺮد داﻧـﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮاﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺗﺮﯾﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آﺑﯿﺎري و ﺗـﻨﺶ ﺧﺸـﮑﯽ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﻻﯾـﻦ 92-20 ،181-WS-90-18 M و ارﻗﺎم داﻧﺶ، ﺷﯿﺮاز، و ﮐﺮاسﺳﺒﻼن ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﻄﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از وﺟﻮد ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧـﻪ و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮاﯾﯽ در ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ در ﻫﺮ دو ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ و آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﻮد وﻟﯽ ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ارﻗﺎم ﺑﺮﺗـﺮ و ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮاﯾﯽ و زراﻋﯽ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ ﻧﮋادي اﯾﻦ دو ﮔﺮوه از ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد.

Analysis of genetic diversity and selection of the best genotypes with high potential to challenge with water deficit conditions are important methods in breeding programs. In order to evaluate the genetic diversity of quantitative and bread making quality traits, 25 genotypes were assessed over 2017 season under well-watered and drought stress conditions based on a split plot design at the Research Farm of School of Agricultural, Shiraz University, Iran. The results of mean comparison revealed that most of the tested quantitative traits were reduced under drought stress compared with irrigation conditions. Reduction in morphological and agronomic trait in drought stress conditions ranged from 0.5 to 40.4%. In drought trial, protein index, grain hardness and zeleny sedimentation value were increased compared with well-watered conditions. Among bread making quality traits, gluten index showed the highest genetic variation whilst the highest heritabilities were observed for zeleny sedimentation, grain yield and grain hardiness. Correlations between most of bread making quality traits and agronomic attributes were negative. Lines 181, M-92-20, WS-90-18 and Danesh, Shiraz, and Cross Sabalan cultivars were superior with respect to higher grain yield and better bread making quality characters. In conclusion, the results demonstrated genetic variation for morphological, yield and bread making quality traits in both watering regimes and negative association between these two sets of traits should be considered in breeding for higher grain yield and better bread making quality in wheat.