ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ و ورﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﯿﺎه داروﯾﯽ ﺳﯿﺮ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن شرقي

Evaluation of Planting Distance and Vermicompost on the Yield of Garlic Medicinal Plant in Climatic Conditions of East Azarbaijan

ﺳﯿﺮ)Allium sativum L( ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﭼﻨﺪﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻔﯽ از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Liliaceae ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ در ﺑﯿﻦ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﭘﯿﺎزي ﭘﺲ از ﭘﯿﺎز ﺧﻮراﮐﯽ رﺗﺒﻪ دوم را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داده اﺳﺖ، ﺣﺎﺻﻠﺨﯿﺰي ﺧﺎك و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻬﻢ و ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺮ رﺷﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﯿﺎه داروﯾﯽ ﺳﯿﺮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﯿﺪ ﻣﺪﻧﯽ آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 98 -1397 اﺟﺮا ﺷ.ﺪ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ )،4 8و 12 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ( و ورﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ )ﻋﺪم ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد، 5 و 10 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ورﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ( در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ورﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ روي وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ ﺳﻮخ، وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﯿﻮﻣﺎس ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري داﺷﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ ﺳﻮخ، وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﯿﻮﻣﺎس در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮐﺸﺖ 8 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد 10 ﺗﻦ ورﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت روي وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري داﺷﺖ؛ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮐﺸﺖ 12 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ 8 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ اﻣﺎ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ 4 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 32و 33 درﺻﺪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮐﺸﺖ 8 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد 10 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ورﻣﯽﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آوردن ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a perennial herb of the Liliaceae family that is ranked second in the world among onion plants after edible onion. Soil fertility and planting distance are most important factors affecting growth and yield. The experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Shahid Madani University of Azarbaijan, during 2018-2019. Factors in this experiment included planting distances at three levels (4, 8 and 12 cm) and vermicompost application at three levels (0, 5 and 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost). The results showed that the interaction between vermicompost and planting distance had significant effect on fresh and dry bulb weight, fresh and dry weight of plant biomass, so that the highest fresh and dry bulb weight, fresh and dry weight of biomass in 8 cm planting distance treatment and 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost application was obtained. Different planting distances had a significant effect on fresh and dry weights of shoots, so that the highest fresh and dry weights of shoots were obtained at 12 cm cultivation distance, which was significantly different from 8 cm; but it was 32% and 33% higher than 4 cm, respectively. In general, it can be concluded that planting distance of 8 cm and application of 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost is recommended for maximum yield.