ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ دو ﺷﯿﻮه ﮐﺸﺖ ﻏﺮﻗﺎﺑﯽ و ﻫﻮازي ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ارﻗﺎم ﺑﺮﻧﺞ در ﻏﺮب اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران

The effects of two cultivation systems, submerged and aerobic, on yield and yield components of some rice cultivars in western of mazandaran

ﭼﮑﯿﺪهﻣﺰرﻋﻪاي واﻗﻊ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻋﺒﺎس آﺑﺎد ﺗﻨﮑﺎﺑﻦ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي اﺟﺮاي اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺗﻌﺪاد 6 رﻗﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺎﻣﯽ ﻧﺪا، ﻧﻌﻤﺖ، ﻫﺎﺷﻤﯽ، ﺧﺰر، دﯾﻠﻤﺎﻧﯽ و ﺳﻨﮓ ﻃﺎرم ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﺳﭙﻠﯿﺖ ﭘﻼت در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در دو ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻏﺮﻗﺎب و ﻫﻮازي ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮرﯾﮑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺖ در ﮐﺮت اﺻﻠﯽ و ارﻗﺎم در ﮐﺮت ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧ.ﺪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮات ﺷﯿﻮه ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺧﻮﺷﻪ و ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ ﭘﻮك در ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد. ﺑﯿﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﻪﺟﺰء ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺧﻮﺷﻪ و درﺻﺪ ﺑﺎروري ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. اﺛﺮات ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﯿﻮه ﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺖ و رﻗﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻫﺎ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻏﺮﻗﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻫﻮازي ﺑﻮد. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ دﯾﻠﻤﺎﻧﯽ و در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﻏﺮﻗﺎﺑﯽ و ﻫﻮازي ﺑﻮد. در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻫﻮازي ارﻗﺎم ﻧﻌﻤﺖ و ﻧﺪا ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ 4830 و 4800 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر داراي ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ.

In order to compare two methods of irrigation and aerobic cultivation on yield and yield components of some rice cultivars, a field experiment was conducted in the year 2018 in a farm located in Abbas Abad, Tonekabon. To carry out this experiment, six Iranian rice varieties (Neda, Nemat, Hashemi, Khazar, Deylamani and Tarom) were classified as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in two conditions of irrigation and aerobic cultivation. The cultivars were in the main plots and cultivars in the sub plots. The results of variance analysis of traits showed that the effects of irrigation and aerobic cultivation practices on plant height, panicle length, total number of grain per spike, number of filled grains in panicle, spike fertility percentage, 100 seed weight, grain yield per plant, day to maturity and leaf area index was significant at 1% probability level and it was significant. Among genotypes in terms of effect on plant height, panicle length, total number of seeds per pancake, number of filled grains per panicle, number of unfilled per panicle and days to maturity, there was a significant difference at 1% probability and 100 seed weight and grain yield per plant showed a significant difference at 5% probability level. The difference between mean of traits in panicle fertility percentage and leaf area index in genotypes was not significant. The interaction effects of cultivars and cultivation on all traits except panicle length, number of unfilled per panicle and grain yield, which was significant at 5% probability level, was significant at 1% probability level. The results of the comparison of the mean of traits showed that grain yield of genotypes was higher than that of aerobic cultivation. The results of the comparison of mean of traits showed that the highest grain yield per plant was due to Tarom, Deylamani, Neda and Nemat genotypes and were respectively 47.43, 46.14, 45.95, and 61.62 g and conditions of irrigation cultivation. Neda and Nemat cultivars were highest in the conditions of aerobic cultivation with grain yield of 30.23 and 30.05 grams. Grain yield in rice cultivars Tarom and Deylamani was lowest in aerobic cultivation conditions with grain yield of 17.77 and 19.7 g respectively.