ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻨﺶ ﮔﺮﻣﺎي اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﺮ روي ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﮔﻨﺪم ﻧﺎن در ﻣﻐﺎن

Evaluation of end-season heat stress on morphological traits of bread wheat genotypes in Moghan

ﮔﻨﺪم ).Triticum aestivum L( ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه زراﻋﯽ روي زﻣﯿﻦ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻋﻤﺪة ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﮐﺎﻟﺮي و ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﮐﺸﻮر اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ ﻧﯿﻤﯽ از ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ و 65 درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻟﺮي درﯾﺎﻓﺘﯽ روزاﻧﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺮد را ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﻨﺪم ﻧﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﮔﺮﻣﺎي اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﺼﻞ، آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪاي در ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي زراﻋﯽ 97-98 در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻣﻐﺎن اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪه )اﺳﭙﻠﯿﺖ ﭘﻼت( در ﺳﻪ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار و 16 ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﮔﻨﺪم اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﺷﻤﺎره 1 )G4) 4 ،(AFTAB( و 7 )G7(ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻃﻮل ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﻃﻮل ﭘﺪاﻧﮑﻞ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻨﺒﻠﭽﻪي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﺼﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﺮدﻧ.ﺪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﻃﻮل ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي 8 )G11) 11 ،(G10) 10 ،(G8( و 16 )G16(، ﺑﺮاي ﻃﻮل ﭘﺪاﻧﮑﻞ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﺷﻤﺎره 8 و 14 و ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻨﺒﻠﭽﻪ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﺷﻤﺎره 7، 12،11، 14 و 10 ﺑﻮدﻧ.ﺪ در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺷﻤﺎره 14 )G14( ﺑﺎ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻃﻮل ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﻃﻮل ﭘﺪاﻧﮑﻞ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻨﺒﻠﭽﻪ را داﺷﺖ وﻟﯽ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﺼﻞ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻃﻮل ﭘﺪاﻧﮑﻞ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻨﺒﻠﭽﻪ را ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﺮد.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important crop on earth and is the major source of calories and protein needed for the population of the country, accounting for half of the protein and 65% of the daily calorie intake. In order to evaluate different varieties of bread wheat to the end-of-season heat stress, a field experiment was conducted during 1997-98 at the Agricultural Research Station of Moghan College of Agriculture. The experiment was conducted as split plots at three planting dates with three replications and 16 advanced wheat genotypes. The results showed that genotypes 1, 4 and 7 produced more plant length, peduncle length and number of spikelet in late season stress, respectively than other genotypes. Mean minimum traits measured for plant length were genotypes 8, 10, 11 and 16, peduncle lengths for genotypes No. 8 and 14, and for number of spikelet genotypes No. 7, 11, 12, 14 and 10. In general, it can be concluded that genotype 14 had the lowest peduncle length and the number of spikelets in normal conditions, although it had the highest plant length, peduncle length, and spikelet number under normal stress conditions.