ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ در اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻫﺎي ﭼﺎودار Secale cereal

Evaluation of traits related to drought tolerance in rye (Secale cereal) ecotypes

ﭼﺎودار از ﻏﻼت ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪاي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ داﻣﻨﻪ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري وﺳﯿﻊ، ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ رﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎزدﻫﯽ ﺑﺎﻻي آن در ﺧﺎكﻫﺎي ﻓﻘﯿﺮ، اﻣﮑﺎن ﺑﻬﺮه-ﺑﺮداري از اراﺿﯽ ﻏﯿﺮﺣﺎﺻﻠﺨﯿﺰ و ﻣﺎﺳﻪاي ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. در ﭘﺮوژه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺗﻌﺪاد 9 اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﭼﺎودار از ﮐﻠﮑﺴﯿﻮن ژرمﭘﻼﺳﻢ در ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ژن ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻠﯽ اﯾﺮان، از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ دو آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ و ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ، ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و زراﻋﯽ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ در اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪه و ارﺗﺒﺎط آن ﺑﺎ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻣﺮﮐﺐ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ، ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و زراﻋﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد، اﺛﺮ ﺳﺎل و ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت در ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻨﺶ، ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺴﺮﯾﻊ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺷﺪ. از ﺳﻮي دﯾﮕﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت زراﻋﯽ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﻃﻮل ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ، ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ ﭘﺮﭼﻢ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري را ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد.ﻧ ﺪ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ زودرسﺗﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي در ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ.

Rye is one of the forage crops that have wide range of adaptation, its ability to grow and produce high yield in poor soil, has made it possible to exploit unfertilized and unsuitable lands for other grains. In the current research project, the top 9 rye ecotypes from the germplasm collection at the National Plant Gene Bank of Iran, were evaluated for drought stress tolerance in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two cropping seasons. Morphological, phenological and agronomic traits were measured. Also, stress tolerance indices in ecotypes were calculated and its relationship with morphological and phenological traits was evaluated. Combined analysis of phenological, morphological and agronomic traits showed that the effect of year and drought stress on phenological traits was significant. Comparison of mean of traits at different levels of stress showed that drought stress accelerated phonological stages of the plant. Agronomic traits such as plant height, spike length, flag leaf area and biological yield showed a significant decrease under drought stress conditions. Overall, the results showed that the early maturity ecotypes had higher values in Stress Tolerance Index.