رﻫﯿﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺘﯽ اﺻﻼح و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ارﻗﺎم ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ

Approaches of Participatory Plant Breeding and Variety Selection in line with Confronting of Climate Change

ﺗﺤﻮﻻت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ-اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺳﺮﯾﻊ آب و ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ، ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد را ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﮐﺸﯿﺪه اﺳﺖ. ارﻗﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ روشﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺎرف ﺑﻪﻧﮋادي ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﺑﺮاي رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ از ﻧﻬﺎدهﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺎز دارﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﭼﻨﺪاﻧﯽ ﻧﺪارد. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﻄﻠﻮب در ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ارﻗﺎﻣﯽ ﻧﯿﺎز اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺧﺎص ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮﯾﻦ راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري و ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ-اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ-زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ را ﻧﯿﺰ دﺧﯿﻞ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. اراﺋﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻗﺒﯿﻞ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداران در ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ارﻗﺎم ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻃﯽ ﺳﻪ دﻫﻪ اﺧﯿﺮ رﻫﯿﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺘﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﻪﻧﮋادي ارﻗﺎم ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ در ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﺟﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از اﯾﻦ روشﻫﺎ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Rapid climate and socio-economic changes have challenged existing agricultural research and development capacity. Varieties introduced by conventional breeding methods often require a high level of inputs to achieve maximum yield which are not so compatible with the current climate and economic conditions. To achieve optimum yield of crop in each region, varieties are required to be consistent with the specific conditions of each region. Therefore, incorporating information on local socio-economic well as environmental conditions in the region is the most appropriate strategies to adapt to these changes. Providing such information will be achieved through the participation of producers in the process of selecting and introducing plant varieties in each region. Given this, participatory approaches have been applied in different countries over the last three decades and some successes have been achieved. This article briefly reviews some of these participatory plant breeding and variety selection methods.