ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ ﺑﺬر ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ اﺛﺮات آﻟﻠﻮﭘﺎﺗﯽ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز ﻏﺎﻟﺐ

Evaluation of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed germination under allelopathic effects of some dominant weed species

ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﺛﺮات آﻟﻠﻮﭘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﻋﺼﺎره ﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖ ﺗﻮده ﺗﺎزه و ﺧﺸﮏ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﺳﻠﻤﻪ ﺗﺮه ).Chenopodium album L(، ﺳﻮروف Echinochloa crus-galli L.)، ( ﺗﺎج ﺧﺮوس وﺣﺸﯽ Amaranthus chlorostachys L.)و( ﭘﯿﭽﮏ ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ Convolvulus arvensis L.)( ﺑﺮ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ ﺑﺬر ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ )رﻗﻢ درﺧﺸﺎن(، ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اي در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻋﺼﺎره ﻫﺎ در ﻫﺮ دو زﯾﺴﺖ ﺗﻮده ﺻﻔﺮ )آب ﻣﻘﻄﺮ ﯾﺎ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ(، 5، 25، 50 و 100 ﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﺼﺎره ﻫﺎ، ﺑﻪ ﻏﯿﺮ از ﺳﻄﺢ 5 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺎج ﺧﺮوس وﺣﺸﯽ، در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ ﺑﺬر ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪﮔﯽ در ﻋﺼﺎره زﯾﺴﺖ ﺗﻮده ﺗﺎزه ﺑﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺳﻮروف ﺑﺎ 14/3درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ و در ﻋﺼﺎره زﯾﺴﺖ ﺗﻮده ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺳﻠﻤﻪ ﺗﺮه ﺑﺎ 6/9 درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﺎ 96/8 درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ داﺷ.ﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﺛﺮات ﺗﻮأم زﯾﺴﺖ ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎزه و ﺧﺸﮏ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺳﻠﻤﻪ ﺗﺮه، ﺳﻮروف، ﺗﺎج ﺧﺮوس وﺣﺸﯽ و ﭘﯿﭽﮏ ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ 62، 50، 34 و 34 درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ ﺑﺬر ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻟﺬا ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺑﻘﺎﯾﺎي اﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز در ﻣﺰارع ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ ﺑﯿﺶ از ﭘﯿﺶ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد.

In order to evaluate the allelopathic effect of water extracts from fresh biomass (fb) and dry biomass (db) of Chenopodium album L., Echinochloa crus-galli L., Amaranthus chlorostachys L., and Convolvulus arvensis L., on seed germination of bean (cv. Akhtar) was conducted under a completely randomized design with four replications. All aqueous extracts from fb and db were brought to 0 or indicator, 5, 25, 50 and 100 g biomass per a liter of distilled water. Results revealed that all extracts levels, except of 5 g/l A. chlorostachys fb and db extracts, decreased seed germination percentage of bean. The highest inhibitory effect on seed germination of bean, belonged to E. crus-galli fb extracts` with 14.3% and Ch. Album db extracts' with 6.9%, respectively, in compare to control (96/8%). Means comparisons of pooled fb and db extracts germination rate results indicated that seed germination percentage of bean was decreased 62%, 50%, 34% and 34% in compare to control treatment by Ch. album, E. crus-galli, A. chlorostachys, and C. arvensis, respectively. So, control and residues management of studied weeds is recommended noticeably on bean cultivation.