ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻮري ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ارزن دم روﺑﺎﻫﯽ

Yield potential and salinity tolerance of some fox tail millet genotypes

ﺷﻮري ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺪود ﮐﻨﻨﺪه اﺻﻠﯽ در ﺑﻬﺮهوري ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت زراﻋﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ارزن ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ زراﻋﯽ در ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ارزن دمروﺑﺎﻫﯽ، ﺷﺶ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ دو ﺗﮑﺮار ﺗﺤﺖ دو ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري )8/7 دﺳﯽزﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ( و ﻋﺪم ﺗﻨﺶ در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﯿﺪ ﺑﺎﻫﻨﺮ ﮐﺮﻣﺎن ﮐﺸﺖ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در دو ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري و ﻋﺪم ﺗﻨﺶ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري داﺷﺘﻨﺪ و ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﺠﺰ ﻋﺮض ﺑﺮگ اﺧﺘﻼف ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ژﻧﻮﺗﺒﭗ و ﻣﺤﯿﻂ در ﻫﻤﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﺠﺰ ﻋﺮض ﺑﺮگ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﭘﻨﺠﻪ، وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﺑﻮد. ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗــﺎﺛﯿﺮ را ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺬر ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ 50/33 ،48/09 ، 43/91 درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داﺷﺖ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ را ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ 160 )ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن( در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 2/63 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داد ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ را ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي160، 68، 73، و 122 ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 4/55 ، 4/54 ، 4/50 و 4/44 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻨﺶ دارا ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ )TOL( ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻫﺎي 122 و 73 ﻣﻘﺎومﺗﺮﯾﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ و ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي 11 و 109 ﺣﺴﺎس ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري در ﺑﯿﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ.

Salinity stress represents a major limiting factor of crops including millet. In order to investigate the impact of salt stress on yield and agronomical traits of fox tail millet, six genotypes of fox tail millet were cultivated in research farm of Shahid Bahonar university based on completely randomized block design with two replications under two conditions salt stress (8.7 desi Siemens per meter) and non-stress condition. The results showed that the studied traits were significantly different in salinity and non-stress conditions and genotypes showed significant differences in all traits except of leaf width. The results also showed that genotype-environment interaction was significant in all traits except for leaf width, tiller number, 1000-grain weight and harvest index. Salinity stress had the most effect on reduction of dry forage yield, biological yield and seed yield with 50.33%, 48.09% and 43.91%, respectively. The highest grain yield was obtained from Bastan genotype (160) in non-stress condition with average of 2.63 t ha −1. The highest dry forage yield belonged to the 160, 68, 73 and 122 genotypes with average 4.55, 4.54 , 4.50 and 4.44 t ha −1, respectively. Results of stress tolerance index (TOL) showed that genotypes 122 and 73 were the most resistant genotypes and genotypes 11 and 109 were the most susceptible genotypes to salt stress among the studied genotypes.