رهيافت تحليلي رويكردهاي طراحي پايدار، تاب آور، مولد و خوداتكا

رويكردهاي طراحي با تأكيدهايي كه در تعريف و اصول و مباني نظري دارند، سعي در حل مسائل از زاويه هاي مختلف و برطرف كردن نيازهاي كاربران در طول زمان دارند. اين رويكردها خصوصاً از زمان مطرح شدن پايداري و توجه يه نيازهاي نسل آينده، ديدگاهي آينده نگر و در جهت ارتباط منطقي با سامانه هاي محيطي پيدا كرده اند. بررسي و تحليل تطبيقي اين رويكردها به مقايسه و درك بهتر اين ديدگاه ها و خلق رويكرد مناسب طراحي مي انجامد. اين پژوهش بر آن است با مطالعه و تحليل اصول و مباني طراحي پايدار (Sustainable Design)، طراحي تاب آور (Resilient Design)، طراحي مولد (Regenerative Design) و طراحي خوداتكا (Self- Reliant Design)، به تحليل تطبيقي اين چهار ديدگاه طراحي بپردازد. روش تحقيق در اين نوشتار مبتني بر مطالعه و مرور مستندات چارچوب نظري پژوهش با مرور ادبيات نظري موضوع در بخش هاي پايداري، تاب آوري، مولد و خوداتكايي انجام شده است. ابزار و روش جمع آوري داده ها به روش كتابخانه اي (مراجعه به كتاب هاي مرجع، مقالات علمي- تخصصي، اسناد دست اول، سايت هاي اينترنتي علمي تخصصي و پايگاه هاي معتبر علمي-پژوهشي) است. اطلاعات به دست آمده ابتدا در چهار بخش طراحي تاب آور، طراحي پايدار، طراحي مولد و طراحي خوداتكا جمع بندي شده و به روش تحليل محتوا در هشت بخش تعاريف، تأكيدها، ابعاد، شاخص هاي طراحي، نوع نگرش به گذشته، حال و آينده، نوع ارتباط با زمينه در طراحي، نوع برخورد با منابع و سرمايه ها در طراحي و خصوصيات طرح تجزيه و تحليل شده اند. Design approaches try to solve problems from different angles and meet the needs of users over time with emphasis on definition and theoretical principles. These approaches, especially since the introduction of sustainability and attention to the needs of the future generation, have found a forward-looking perspective and a logical relationship with environmental systems. A comparative analysis of these approaches leads to a better comparison and understanding of these perspectives and the creation of an appropriate design approach. This study intends to study and analyze the principles of Sustainable Design, Resilient Design, Regenerative Design and Self-Reliant Design, to achieve a comparative analysis of these four perspectives. The research method in this paper is based on studying and reviewing the documents of the theoretical framework of the research by reviewing the theoretical literature of the subject in the sections of sustainability, resilience, productivity and self-reliance. The method of data collection is library method (referring to reference books, scientific-specialized articles, first-hand documents, specialized scientific Internet sites and reputable scientific-research databases). The obtained information is first summarized in four sections: Resilient Design, Sustainable Design, Regenerative Design and Self-reliant Design, and analyzed by content analysis method in eight sections: definitions, emphases, dimensions, design indicators, type of attitude to past, present and future The type of relationship with the context in design, the type of relationship with resources and capital in design and the characteristics of the design. Design indicators of Resilient Design are Variety, Connection, Adaptive design (adaptable to changes), Thermal resilience, Modularity and measurability, Strength, Redundancy and Cohesion. For Sustainability Energy conservation, Climate coordination, Reducing the use of new sources of materials, Meeting the needs of residents, Coordination with the site and Totalitarianism are important. Design indicators of Regenerative Design are Production (clean air, clean water, and residents needs), Recycle, Energy storage and surplus energy production for adjacent buildings, self-management, Harmony with the cycle of nature and Climate adjustment. In Self-reliant Design manufacturing, Recycle, Relative independence in meeting basic needs, Balanced interaction, Variety of activities, Confusion of activities, Shared collective spaces and Density are important. These characteristics are also important in each design approach: Zero energy buildings and social and economic sustainability (Sustainable Design), adaptable design and absorption of possible disturbances and continuity of space activities (Resilient Design), Energy plus building and use of excess energy for adjacent buildings related to the site or compensation for past energy loss at the site (Regenerative Design), and Meeting the needs of residents by the designed complex while rationally exchanging energy and resources with the surrounding environmental systems and neighborhoods (Self-reliant Design). Each of these characteristics can lead to an appropriate design when used in a proper way.