Updates on Nano-Carrier Based Drug Delivery Systems for Treatment of Ocular Disease

Aim and Background: Due to physiological and structural barriers like different cell layers in cornea, tear film flow, nasolacrimal drainage and blinking, a maximum of 5%of the drug dose contained in the ophthalmic drops reaches the deeper ocular tissues. Need for frequent instillation due to the short half-life led to major challenges like poor patient compliance and other negative side effects such as cytotoxic and/or immunogenic response in patients. Nano-based drug delivery can be a suitable solution to overcoming of these complications. The aim of this study is reviewing the recent advanced ocular drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology. Methods: Scientific research articles, clinical trials and reputable scientific news websites was searched and after data collection the results was analyzed and summarized by an expert. Results and discussion: In the research phase, several nano drug delivery systems such as solid lipid nanoparticles, niosomes, liposomes, nanofibers, In-situ gelling systems, nano emulsions, dendrimers, and nanomicellar solution are reported for drug delivery into the eye. In clinical studies, different bio-implants, nanomicells, liposomal spray, nanoparticle-based mucus-penetrating particles, nano needles and drug-loaded nanocomposites into contact lenses are investigated for treatment of different ocular disorders like dry eye, inflammation and neovascularization. Conclusion: Based on these results, in near future it is expected that nano based ocular drug delivery systems with high drug concentration ,prolonged duration of action, proper bioavailability and low side effects enter the pharmaceutical market.