Evaluation of toxicity induced by fluorescent carbon dots synthesized from Cuminum Cyminum in mice

Background: Fluorescent carbon dots (C-dots), have the inherent properties of traditional semiconductor-based quantum dots (e.g., size- and wavelength-dependent luminescence emissions, resistance to photobleaching, and ease of bioconjugation). Although carbon is not considered an intrinsically toxic element, the specific material configurations and structures of C-dots may be potential risks to human health, thereby raising public concern. The aim of the present work is to investigate the toxicity of exposure to C-dots solution in mice. Methods: The C-dots synthesis from Cuminum cyminum, and the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles were evaluated. Twenty-four BALB/c mice were injected via the tail vein for a single injection each week of either 5, 25, or 50 mg/kg body weight for 28 days to test for subacute toxicity. Blood, liver, and spleen were collected for further analysis. Results and discussion: The results showed that the C-dots were no significant toxic effect in 5 and 25 mg/kg. However, at a dose of 50 mg/kg the elevated level of AST, ALT, ALP, and bilirubin content, and a decrease in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx). Also, a high level of MDA content was also observed. Moreover, C-dots increased IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, decreased IL-10, and enhanced apoptotic factors in the liver and spleen. Conclusion: Therefore, the presented results suggest that the C-dots are hepatic and splenic toxic to mice in high doses