مرکز منطقه ای اطلاع رساني علوم و فناوري - The Effect of Salinity on Plants and Salt Tolerance Mechanisms

Abstract :

Salt stress is one of the abiotik stress factors which restricts crop productivity to affect developments of plant especially in arid and semi arid regions. Salt stress negatively affects plant growth and development by causing osmotic and ionic stress, these negative effects alter depending on the type of applied salt, the intensity and duration of the stress, the genotype and the development stage of plant exposure to the stress. In plants exposed to salinity may reduce the chance of survival to affected various metabolic events and photosynthetic activities particularly. While some of plants shows susceptibility to this conditions, some of them achieve to survive with tolerance mecanisms which is induced with various physiological, biochemical and moleculer responses. As physiological and biochemical responses which provide tolerans mechanisms aganist the salinity consist of excretion or accumulation of selective ions, controls of taking ions at root and transfering to shoot, accumulation of the ions at spesific compartments of cell and plant, synthesis of osmotic regulators and antioxidant systems, molecular responses occurs signal transmission ways with activation/inactivation of various genes. As a result of physiological, biochemical and moleculer responses, protection of salt regulation is procured at the plants.