Title :
Swelling characteristics of proton-exchanged LiNbO3 waveguides
Author :
Zhou, Fen ; Matteo, A.M. ; De La Rue, Richard M. ; Ironside, C.N.
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electron. & Electr. Eng., Glasgow Univ., UK
Abstract :
The swelling of proton-exchanged waveguides in LiNbO3 due to the LiNbO3-HNbO3 transformation is reported. The induced surface stresses could make a significant contribution to the index change and birefringence. The dependence of the swelling on the proton-exchange time and temperature has been characterised and agrees well with diffusion theory.
Keywords :
integrated optics; ion exchange; lithium compounds; optical waveguides; stress effects; surface topography; HNbO 3; LiNbO 3; LiNbO 3-HNbO 3 transformation; birefringence; diffusion theory; index change; induced surface stresses; proton-exchange time; proton-exchanged waveguides; swelling; temperature;
Journal_Title :
Electronics Letters
DOI :
10.1049/el:19920054
