Applications of linear magnetic materials in electron optics

The paper deals with the application of linear bulk soft magnetic metal materials in electron optics. The magnetization curves, hysteresis loops and the results of fundamental magnetic measurements of commercially pure iron and Ni-Fe-Mo alloys are compared. Using an appropriate heat treatment, the magnetic properties of the materials, and the linearity of the magnetization curves of the Ni-Fe-Mo alloys were improved before the measurements. The results are further related to the reproducibility of optical parameters of electron mini-lenses manufactured from the above mentioned materials. In conclusion, the benefits of the application of linear ferromagnetic materials for further development of electron optics are discussed.