Real-time digital simulator of the electromagnetic transients of power transmission lines

The authors present the theory and results of a novel real-time digital simulator of transmission lines. The simulator is based on a time-domain formulation and obtains the electromagnetic transient performance of balanced three-phase lines in real time. Sample results of energizing a transmission line from balanced and unbalanced sources are presented. The real-time digital simulator results are verified for accuracy by simulating the same system, offline, using the EMTP (ElectroMagnetic Transients Program). It is noted that the newly developed real-time digital simulator can readily be incorporated into modern transient network analyzers and HVDC (high-voltage direct current) simulators. Using these in place of a large number of Π or γ sections of passive networks is economical, space saving, and accurate