Performance of directed retry in nonuniform cellular environments

This paper investigates the effects of directed retry (DR) in cellular networks characterized by a nonuniform environment, that is, with unequal distribution of users and/or radio resources. We propose an analytical model able to take both propagation and network aspects into account. The nonuniform environment is modeled assuming the superposition on a uniform scenario of a circular area characterized by different offered load or radio capacity. The case of a hot spot of users is included. Path loss and lognormal shadowing have been considered. This is done through a statistical approach which is very general, and provides an expression for the probability of receiving a suitable power level from a given number of base stations within a fixed distance from the mobile. A comparison to simulation results is performed to validate the model. We show that the impact of DR on the blocking probability depends largely on the propagation parameters considered.