Adaptive mesh refinement for boundary element method and its application to stripline analysis

Adaptive mesh refinements are incorporated in the boundary element method (BEM) for accurate calculation of electromagnetic fields. Refinements are based on local error estimates of the calculated potential and its normal derivative on the boundaries. Differences between two adjacent node values are used for simple local error estimates. Also, error at the middle of each element is calculated from an integral equation. To demonstrate its applicability, this adaptive scheme is applied to striplines with edge singularity