Impulse and 60-Cycle Characteristics of Driven Grounds

This investigation presents test data on the impulse and 60-cycle characteristics of common rods driven in natural soil (largely clay composition). It sums up and analyzes the results in the characteristic curve of the ratio of impulse to 60-cycle resistance for impulse currents that represent conditions ranging from a traveling surge to direct strokes of lightning. The basic reasons for the performance of grounds to impulse currents as they do are pointed out insofar as the experimental data and observations permit to do so. From this investigation the desirability of establishing the characteristic for other typical soils and for other common types of grounds (electrodes) is apparent.