Bulk transmission system loss analysis

A hierarchical approach to capacity and energy loss evaluation in bulk power transmission systems is presented. The approach consists of two levels or hierarchies: a higher level, aimed at producing accurate but relatively slower active capacity and energy loss evaluations, and a lower level, which yields fast but relatively approximate evaluations. This structure allows the users to interactively control the level of accuracy of the calculation, and the relative speed by which it is performed. Results of testing the performance of an implementation of the approach for accuracy, convergence, and speed (using systems with up to 530 buses) are also presented