Control of Load, Frequency, and Time of Interconnected Systems

The general problem is stated and typical solutions indicated. Characteristics of governors and of frequency- and load-control devices are briefly explained, and effects on generator and tie-line loads are summarized. Illustrating the principles enunciated, interconnected systems in southern Ontario and adjacent portions of Quebec totaling 1,650,000-kw generating capacity are described, also operating experience with automatic frequency control, and automatic load control of two ties, one of which is a 45,000-kw frequency-changer set inter-connecting systems of relatively large capacity.