Steady-State Equivalent Circuits of Synchronous and Induction Machines

Equivalent circuits are developed for the various types of salient-pole synchronous and asymmetrical induction machines, expressed along the physical direct and quadrature axes (cross-field theory). The torques again are found by a direct measurement of power. The networks of all types of machines are found as special cases of that of the ``primitive´´ machine. All equivalent circuits along the physical axes are derivable from those along the hypothetical symmetrical component axes (revolving-field theory) by a real transformation. Although the latter types of networks have already been published previously, they are reproduced here for comparison with the new networks and for a unified tensorial treatment of rotating machines and their equivalent circuits.