Design of low-sensitivity universal wave digital biquads

A systematic procedure for the synthesis of low-sensitivity wave digital biquads is described. The procedure is based on the strategy of using, as far as possible, multiplier coefficients that are machine representable, so as to decrease the dependence of the amplitude response on multiplier coefficients that must be quantized. The procedure yields structures which can be stabilized with respect to zero- and constant-input limit-cycle oscillations. In addition, multiple-output structures can be obtained which realize simultaneously the standard second-order transfer functions. Experimental sensitivity wave digital biquad based on the three-amplifier RC-active configuration is less sensitive than other known low-sensitivity structures. Further, it is shown that by choosing the machine-representable coefficients, wave digital biquads can be obtained which are sensitivity-equivalent to other known low-sensitivity structures.<>