Inadvertent Energy Interchange - Causes, Remedies, and Balancing

Growth of system loads and the establishment of new interconnections have resulted in increasing the magnitude of inadvertent energy interchange. This paper describes the principle causes of such interchange and suggests various ways to minimize it. The interchange cannot be completely eliminated, and after-the-fact balancing is necessary. Balancing methods are reviewed, a new method suggested, and recommendations made as to the preferable methods.