1-V microsystems/spl minus/scaling on schedule for personal communications

The authors predict that scaled-down, ultra-low-power ICs and shrinking form-factors will hasten the arrival of on-demand services. Thus in total, advances in the various device and system technologies for conserving energy will deliver enormous system benefits. At the end of this decade and early into the next century, most portable microsystems will operate at around 1 V. The energy will be supplied by a single battery cell or solar cells. Progress in microelectronics and I/O devices will encourage shrinking form factors. At the lower form factors, personal systems will become unobtrusive and truly personal. Highly energy-efficient, ultra-low power 1-V microsystems will make possible the low-cost, battery-operated, portable systems needed to propel personal communication, entertainment, and information services. For these services to gain market acceptance, however, their benefits must be commensurate with cost. In their discussion the authors place emphasis on the developments in integrated circuit technologies.<>