Inherent Constraints Control Convergence A New Method in the Long Look at Load Flow

A new method has been devised to solve the well- known load-flow problem. It is based on the fact that the equations for real and reactive power at a bus have the same form as those for ordinary circles under the assumption that the voltages are fixed for all other buses. The real and reactive power losses are similarly expressed as circles. This enables one to find the least square solution to the common chords or radical axes to use as the new voltage solution. A sort routine and an extrapolation method is included to speed convergence.