Towed-array history, 1917-2003

Author

Lemon, Stanley G.

Volume

29

Issue

2

fYear

2004

fDate

4/1/2004 12:00:00 AM

Firstpage

365

Lastpage

373

Abstract

Towed-array research and development over 86 years is examined from the inventions of Dr. H. C. Hayes during World War I to multiple arrays towed by oil exploration ships in 2003. Time lines of the effort over the years are presented for array applications to military surface ships, submarines, and for oil exploration efforts. Military surface ship towed-array systems from the Hayes electric eel effort to the SQR-14, SURTASS, ETASS, and APL/Johns Hopkins dual towed arrays are reviewed. Submarine towed-array programs from the early 1960s to today are described and a prediction of future towed-array development is presented.

Keywords

history; sonar arrays; AD 1917 to 2003; APL/Johns Hopkins dual towed arrays; ETASS; Hayes electric eel; SQR-14; SURTASS; array applications; military surface ship; military surface ships; multiple arrays; oil exploration ships; sonar equipment; submarine towed-array programs; submarines; towed-array development; towed-array history; towed-array systems; underwater acoustics; Acoustic noise; History; Instruments; Marine vehicles; Petroleum; Research and development; Sonar detection; Sonar equipment; Underwater acoustics; Underwater vehicles; History; sonar; sonar equipment; underwater acoustics;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

0364-9059

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/JOE.2004.829791

Filename

1315726