The values 1-1/

for both electrons and holes, where

is the multiplication factor, have been calculated in three different silicon p-n junctions. The logarithmic plot of 1 - 1/

versus the normalized voltage

is well approximated by a straight line for 0.1 > 1 -1/

> 0.005. This range corresponds to the useful range of α
0for most bipolar transistors. An empirical expression has been obtained for the ratio

within this range.