Determination of Reference Operating Voltages in Power Systems

In advance of the integrated voltage and reactive power control in a power system, it is necessary to determine an appropriate reference operating voltage, that is, the desired operating values at generating plants and substations. The reference operating voltage used so far, determined mainly from experience, cannot be said to be reasonable. A newly developed method to determine the appropriate reference operating voltage and also a machine computation program is described in detail. In addition, the results of applying these methods and programs to a model power system are also mentioned.