Resistance and internal inductance of traction rails at power frequency: a survey

The electrical behavior of traction rails is considered. The values of resistance and internal inductance resulting from 80 years of literature are evaluated and compared; average values (with confidence intervals) are derived as a reference for further developments. The values are the results of direct measurements and information from practice and convention, so attention is given to measuring methods and to any simplifying assumption. The statistical properties of the published experimental results are evaluated as well as the correspondence with theoretical results.