Design and construction of TiO2 nanotubes in microarray using two-step anodic oxidation for application of cardiovascular implanted devices

In recent years, the surface modification of biomaterials has become a hot scientific topic and has rapidly generated huge research interest in several technological areas. The fabrication of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) films and their modification for the purpose of excellent biocompatibility have been widely researched and gradually applied for cardiovascular implanted devices. In this reported work, to obtain a novel TiO₂ film that possesses anticoagulant, anti-hyperplasia and pro-endothelialisation properties simultaneously, TiO₂ nanotubes with 100 nm diameter were prepared on the microarray using a two-step anodic oxidation method. The topography of the micro/nanocomposite TiO₂ film was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Whole-blood experiments on the film were conducted. The number, morphology and functional factors release of endothelial cells (ECs) on the film were evaluated, and the number of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) on the film was counted. The experimental results demonstrated that the micro/nanocomposite TiO₂ film possessed excellent blood compatibility, EC, compatibility and SMC compatibility, thus suggesting potential application for cardiovascular implanted devices.