Full-Periphery Surface Impedance for Skin-Effect Approximation in Electric Field Integral Equation

A new surface impedance model for RL-extraction in lossy two-dimensional (2-D) interconnects of rectangular cross section is presented. The model is derived directly from the volumetric electric field integral equation under the approximation of the unknown volumetric current density as a product of the exponential factor describing the skin-effect and the unknown surface current density on the conductor´s periphery. By proper accounting for the coupling between the boundary elements situated on the top and bottom surfaces of conductor with the elements located on the side-walls, the model maintains accuracy from dc to multi-GHz frequencies as well as for conductors with both large and small thickness/width ratios.