Magnetic measurements with the rotating-sample magnetometer

The general features common to all rotating-sample magnetic measurements are described, and the governing equations are given. A number of cases of special interest are discussed in some detail: these include the measurement of magnetization as a function of field and temperature and the measurement of rotational hysteresis, various kinds of anisotropy, and magnetostriction. The concept of the rotating sample magnetometer is not new, but the method has greatly increased in practical value because of the development of the lock-in amplifier. The rotating-sample magnetometer method has many points of similarity to the vibrating-sample magnetometer. It is superior to the vibrating-sample magnetometer for some purposes, notably for anisotropy and magnetostriction measurements, and is generally simpler to construct.