Optimal Jumper Insertion for Antenna Avoidance Considering Antenna Charge Sharing

Antenna effect may damage gate oxides during a plasma-based fabrication process. The antenna ratio of total exposed antenna area to total gate oxide area is directly related to the amount of damage. Jumper insertion is a common technique applied at routing and post-layout stages to avoid and to fix the problems caused by the antenna effect. This paper presents an optimal algorithm for jumper insertion under the ratio upper bound. It handles Steinbok trees with obstacles. The algorithm is based on dynamic programming while working on free trees. The time complexity is and the space complexity is , O (alpha|V|²) and the space complexity is (alpha|V|²) where |V| is the number of nodes in the routing tree and is alpha factor depending on how to find a nonblocked position on a wire for a jumper.