Secondary standard for PM and AM noise at 5, 10, and 100 MHz

A practical implementation of a portable secondary standard for phase modulation (PM) and amplitude modulation (AM) noise at 5, 10, and 100 MHz is described. The accuracy of the standard for both PM and AM noise is +0.14 dB, and the temperature coefficient is less than 0.02 dB/K. The noise floor S_φ (10 kHz) of the standard for PM noise measurements is less than -190 dBC relative to 1 rad²/Hz at 5, 10, and 100 MHz. The noise floor for AM measurements depends on the configuration. A calibrated level of PM and AM noise of approximately -130±0.2 dB relative to 1 rad² /Hz (for Fourier frequencies from approximately 1 Hz to 10% of the carrier frequency) is used to evaluate the accuracy versus Fourier frequency. Similar PM/AM noise standards are under test at 10 GHz. This new standard can also be used as an alternative to the normal method of calibrating the conversion sensitivity of the PM/AM detector for PM/AM measurements. Some types of time-domain measurement equipment can also be calibrated