Low-power high-performance nand match line content addressable memories

Content addressable memory (CAM) is used in fully associative VLSI lookup circuits for cache memory, translation lookaside buffers (TLBs), and in Internet Protocol (IP) address comparison. In this paper, the use of dynamic nand match lines is investigated and compared to conventional nor match lines in cache applications. To achieve high speed, a hierarchical match line is used. The dynamic stack charge-sharing noise immunity, speed, and actual power savings over a conventional nor match line are investigated using benchmark data. While random patterns are often used when benchmarking CAM match line power, it is shown to be optimistic compared to address trace data, since addresses are highly correlated. It is also shown that proper address input ordering can provide additional power savings. A simple model for the power in dynamic circuit stacks is derived and compared to power simulation data. Additionally, impact on cache tag area and the scaling of the nand stack to future processes is described