Bode plot analysis of linear discrete-time systems

The equivalent continuous-time transfer function of a linear discrete-time system may be evaluated using standard Bode plot techniques. The utility of these techniques is extended in this paper through a frequency-scale warping of the Bode plot and a mapping from the plane to polar coordinates (rather than the more commonly used Cartesian coordinates) in the plane. These graphical techniques may also be used in the preliminary synthesis of a desired transfer function. Examples are included to illustrate the use of these techniques.