Debiasing equation error frequency detection of a noisy sinusoid without noise variance prespecification

The bias in the equation error estimation of the parameters of an oscillatory difference equation, the free response of which is obscured by white zero-mean noise, adversely influences frequency estimates of the underlying sinusoid. A nonlinear mapping debiasing the frequency estimate supports a novel philosophy for parameter identification. Discrepancies in simulation of the resulting approach pinpoint flaws in the currently accepted bias formula.