An Efficient Implementation of the Agrawal Model for Lightning-Induced Voltage Calculations Using Circuit Simulation Software

One of the popular, simple, and accurate field-to-wire coupling models for studying transmission-line lightning interaction is the Agrawal model . In this model, the coupling mechanisms are represented by distributed sources along the line, wherein each distributed source is due to the horizontal component of the illuminating electric field at that point on the line. These sources give rise to the propagating scattered voltage along the line, while the total voltage at any instant at a given point along the line is the sum of scattered voltage and the voltage at that point due to the illuminating vertical component of the electric field. There is a difficulty in applying the Agrawal model with the built-in transmission-line models of various circuit simulation software such as the Alternate Transients Program-Electromagnetic Transients Program , PSpice , Simpow , PSS/E , etc., as the voltage source due to the horizontal component of the electric field in the Agrawal model is in series with the line impedance , and not in between two transmission-line segments. In this paper, a simple circuit approach for efficient implementation of the Agrawal model using any circuit simulation software that has built-in transmission-line models is proposed.