Multiple Signals in Short-Wave Transmission

This paper presents an analysis of the facsimile records obtained recently in the transmissions between New York, U.S.A., and Somerton, England. Since the speed of the scanning spot in the facsimile apparatus is accurately known, these records permit the measurement of the time intervals between the various signals which produce the distortion in the received record. Thus the facsimile apparatus can be used as an oscillograph for Kennelly-Heaviside layer measurements after the method employed by Breit and Tuve and others. The results of the analysis confirm, in general, the results of other experimenters and extend them in the direction of giving information as to the angle within which the useful radiation is confined at the transmitter. A knowledge of this angle is then shown to yield important information on the distortion to be expected on different wavelengths. A detailed summary of the results is included at the end of the paper.