A distributed-µ implementation of the LMS algorithm

This paper describes the effects of component nonidealities upon the performance of analog and sampled data adaptive noise cancellers. It is shown that the effects of analog implementation differ significantly from those encountered in ideal cases or those in which the added circuit noise is assumed to have a zero-mean distribution. It is also shown that the effects of nonzero mean errors, such as offset voltages and nonlinearities of the input multipliers contribute an excess mean-square error (MSE) which is inversely proportional to the parameter which controls the stability and the rate of convergence of the algorithm. An implementation configuration is presented which minimizes these deleterious effects by distributing the gain of the adaptive system around the signal path.