Title :
High-Accuracy Data Acquisition Architectures for Ultrasonic Imaging
Author :
Kalashnikov, Alexander N. ; Ivchenko, Vladimir G. ; Challis, Richard E. ; Hayes-Gill, Barrie R.
Author_Institution :
Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Nottingham Univ., Nottingham
fDate :
8/1/2007 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
This paper proposes a novel architecture for a data acquisition system intended to support the next generation of ultrasonic imaging instruments operating at or above 100 MHz. Existing systems have relatively poor signal-to-noise ratios and are limited in terms of their maximum data sampling rate, both of which are improved by a combination of embedded averaging and embedded interleaved sampling. "On-the-fly" pipelined operation minimizes control overheads for signal averaging. A two-clock sampling timing system provides for effective sampling rates that are a factor of 20 or more above the basic sampling rate of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The system uses commercial field-programmable gate array devices operated at clock frequencies commensurable with the ADC clock. Implementation is via the Xilinx Xtreme digital signal processing development kit, available at low cost. Sample rates of up to 2160 MHz have been achieved in combination with up to 16384 coherent averages using the above-mentioned off-the-shelf hardware.
Keywords :
analogue-digital conversion; biomedical ultrasonics; data acquisition; digital signal processing chips; field programmable gate arrays; Xilinx Xtremc digital signal processing development kit; analog-to-digital converter; embedded averaging; embedded interleaved sampling; field-programmable gate array devices; frequency 2160 MHz; high-accuracy data acquisition; signal averaging; signal-to-noise ratios; two-clock sampling timing system; ultrasonic imaging; Analog-digital conversion; Clocks; Data acquisition; Field programmable analog arrays; Instruments; Sampling methods; Signal sampling; Signal to noise ratio; Timing; Ultrasonic imaging; Data Collection; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Software; Transducers; Ultrasonography;
Journal_Title :
Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TUFFC.2007.430