Miniaturised broadband top-loaded planar monopole antenna with binary-encoded sleeves

A miniaturised broadband top-loaded planar monopole (TLPM) antenna with binary-encoded sleeves is proposed. The antenna consists of a TLPM with an embedded artificial transmission line to reduce the operating frequency. To broaden the operating bandwidth of the proposed miniaturised monopole antenna, the binary-encoded sleeves are utilised and optimised using a genetic algorithm. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and tested. The measured -10 dB reflection coefficient bandwidth is 800-1265 MHz (45.04%). A peak gain of 4.11 dBi and consistent radiation patterns are achieved within the operating frequency band.