Electronically controlled automotive suspensions

Automotive suspension design is a compromise brought about by the conflicting demands of ride and handling. We have seen the introduction of increasingly sophisticated, electronically controlled components which redefine the boundaries of the compromise. The major elements of a motor car suspension are summarised by the author. The technology employed in automotive suspension design covers a wide range of sophistication, performance and cost and can be categorised as: adaptive suspension, semi-active suspension, low-bandwidth active suspension, and four wheel steering systems. The author considers each of these categories.<>