Design of Fully Deniable Authentication Service for E-mail Applications

Secure electronic mail (e-mail), such as PGP and S/MIME, uses digital signature to provide message authentication, which also provides the undesired non-repudiation evidence of the message sender. In this paper, we introduce a fully deniable e-mail authentication service. Our design can be easily integrated into the current PGP and S/MIME to provide message authentication without non-repudiation evidence. This feature can protect personal privacy of the message sender in most personal communication.