Title :
Analysis of charge-pump phase-locked loops
Author :
Hanumolu, Pavan Kumar ; Brownlee, Merrick ; Mayaram, Kartikeya ; Moon, Un-Ku
Author_Institution :
Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR, USA
Abstract :
In this paper, we present an exact analysis for third-order charge-pump phase-locked loops using state equations. Both the large-signal lock acquisition process and the small-signal linear tracking behavior are described using this analysis. The nonlinear state equations are linearized for the small-signal condition and the z-domain noise transfer functions are derived. A comparison to some of the existing analysis methods such as the impulse-invariant transformation and s-domain analysis is provided. The effect of the loop parameters and the reference frequency on the loop phase margin and stability is analyzed. The analysis is verified using behavioral simulations in MATLAB and SPECTRE.
Keywords :
nonlinear equations; phase locked loops; state-space methods; MATLAB; SPECTRE; behavioral simulations; impulse invariance; impulse-invariant transformation; jitter; large-signal linear tracking behavior; large-signal lock acquisition process; loop delay; loop parameters; loop phase margin; loop phase stability; nonlinear state equations; phase noise; reference frequency; s-domain analysis; small-signal condition; state space; third-order charge-pump phase-locked loops analysis; z -domain noise transfer functions; Bandwidth; Charge pumps; Clocks; Jitter; Nonlinear equations; Phase frequency detector; Phase locked loops; Sampling methods; Transfer functions; Voltage-controlled oscillators; Impulse invariance; PLL; jitter; loop delay.; phase noise; phase-locked loop; state space; z-domain;
Journal_Title :
Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TCSI.2004.834516
