BaPbO3-based thick film resistor

A thick-film resistor system that does not use a rare-earth or a transitional element was fabricated with semi-metallic BaPbO₃ and alkali glass powders. Its characteristics are comparable to conventional thick-film resistors such as those in the RuO₂-based system, while the cost is much lower. The relationship between glass-frit content and sheet resistivity is approximated by an exponential equation, and an almost one-order increase in resistivity was observed for every 10 wt.% increase in glass content. A conduction model consisting of three different types of conducting channels is proposed to explain both the blending curve and temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) characteristics. A high-Pb content in the raw BaPbO₃ material is essential to avoid the degradation of resistor characteristics by moisture. Silver was found to be a TCR modifier and can also improve stability in the BaPbO₃-based resistor system