Generalized Form of Telegrapher´s Equations for the Electromagnetic Field Coupling to Finite-Length Lines Above a Lossy Ground

In this paper, a generalized form of the Telegrapher´s equations for electromagnetic field coupling to finite-length transmission lines above a lossy ground is derived. The approach is fully based on the thin-wire antenna theory. The effect of a lossy half-space is taken into account by means of the reflection coefficient approximation. The conductor losses can also be taken into account via surface impedance per unit length. The resulting equations are handled numerically via the Galerkin--Bubnov indirect boundary element method. Numerical results are presented for induced current along the line, and compared with transmission line (TL) approximation, for the case of lossless conductor. It is shown that the TL approximation can result in a significant underestimation of the induced currents.