Opportunistic Channel-Aware Spectrum Access for Cognitive Radio Networks with Interleaved Transmission and Sensing

Opportunistic spectrum access in a cognitive radio network has been a challenge due to the dynamic nature of spectrum availability and possible collisions between the primary user (PU) and the secondary user (SU). To maximize the spectrum utilization, we propose a spectrum access strategy where SU´s packets are interleaved with periodic sensing to detect PU´s return. Similar to earlier works on distributed opportunistic scheduling (DOS), we formulate the sensing/probing/access process as a maximum rate-of-return problem in the optimal stopping theory framework and show that the optimal channel access strategy is a pure threshold policy. We consider a realistic channel and system model by taking into account channel fading and sensing errors. We jointly optimize the rate threshold and the packet transmission time to maximize the average throughput of SU, while limiting interference to PU. Our numerical results show that significant throughput gains can be achieved with the proposed scheme compared to other well-known schemes. Our work sheds light on designing DOS protocols for cognitive radio with optimal transmission time that takes into account the dynamic nature of PUs.